• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A sensor arrangement for detecting the proportion of broken grains in a stream of chopped material processed by a grain processor (28) of a forage harvester (10) comprises a spectrometer arrangement (40) in order to provide electronic signals with regard to recorded spectra of the chopped material flow, and an evaluation device (62) which can be operated, on the basis of the signals from the spectrometer arrangement (40) to determine the content of a predetermined ingredient in the chopped material depending on the amount of broken down grains in the chopped material flow. A control device (34) commands an actuator (50) to adjust the degree of processing of the grain processor (28) and evaluates the proportion of broken grains in the flow of chopped material based on the contents of the chopped material in the predetermined ingredient measured at different processing degrees by the evaluation device (62).
    公开号:BE1026506B1
    申请号:E20190059
    申请日:2019-07-05
    公开日:2020-07-14
    发明作者:Stefan Bohrer；Peter Schade
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    N 2HIUGSS 1 BE2019 / 0059 Sensor arrangement for detecting the proportion of broken grains in a stream of chopped material processed by a grain processor and forage harvester equipped therewith Description Forage harvester processes chopped material flow, the sensor arrangement comprising the following: a spectrometer arrangement which interacts with the chopped material flow and is configured to apply light to the chopped material flow and to analyze wavelengths of light reflected and / or transmitted by the chopped material flow in order to provide electronic signals with respect to recorded spectra of the chopped material flow. an evaluation device that is configured, based on the signals of the spectrometer arrangement, which depends on the amount of broken down grains in the stream of chopped material determine the content of the chopped material in a predetermined ingredient; and a control device configured to command an actuator for adjusting the degree of processing of the grain processor.
    PRIOR ART Forage harvesters are used in agriculture to pick up stalk-like crops from a field, to shred them and to transfer them to a transport vehicle. The chopped crop is usually used as feed for livestock or for biogas production.
    A typical type of crop that is harvested with a forage harvester is corn. Either the whole plants are harvested using a maize header or only the fruit stand using a picker. However, the corn kernels are intact, i.e. with the surrounding yellow or orange shell, almost impossible to digest for animals or bacteria in biogas plants. So-called grain processors are therefore used, which comprise two or more rollers between which the chopped crop flow is passed in order to break up or crush the grains and thus expose the inside of the grains (endosperm) for better digestibility.
    The degree of processing of the grain processor, i.e. The pressure with which the rollers are prestressed against one another and / or the distance between the rollers and / or their speed difference and / or their absolute speed, on the one hand determines the proportion of broken down or crushed grains, but on the other hand also the energy requirement of the grain processor. However, since the two sizes are opposed to each other, the aim is to find a favorable operating point for the grain processor, in which on the one hand an appropriate proportion of the grains is broken down and on the other hand the energy requirement is not too great.
    It is advisable to record the proportion of broken grains by sensors in order to offer the operator of the forage harvester and / or an automatic system for automatically adjusting the degree of processing of the grain processor a feedback value as to whether the current degree of processing is too small, too large or appropriate. For this purpose, the use of cameras which interact with the crop flow processed by the grain processor and image processing systems which are intended to determine the proportion of whole and struck grains have been proposed in the prior art (EP 2 232978 A1, EP 2 361 495 A1, EP 2 452 550 A1 , EP 2 982 232 A2).
    Other measures proposed in the prior art for the detection of disrupted grains include the recording of fluorescence spectra in the UV range (WO 00/00818 A1), the mechanical separation of the chopped material in a sieve with counting of the grain size fractions and a near infrared spectroscopic
    Analysis of the starch content (S. Salvati et al, Survey of mean particle length in whole-plant corn silage, The Professional Animal Scientist 33: 708-715 (2017)), as well as a detection of the content of the chopped grain on the basis of the nutrient content using a Near infrared spectrometer for setting the degree of processing of the grain processor (EP 1 166 619 A1). Task The approach of recognizing disrupted grains by image processing systems has so far not been successful because, among other things, the proportion of visible grains in a single image is low, the grains are difficult to identify in the image recording and the opening of the grains is difficult to recognize. The other sensors mentioned can recognize the number of digested grains or the nutrient content, but this information is not sufficient to evaluate the degree of processing of the grain processor or the relative proportion of digested grains among the total grains contained in the shredded material flow, because they are surface-sensitive and can thus do not recognize how many un-digested grains are still contained in the chopped material. The object on which the invention is based is seen in an improvement over the prior art; To provide a sensor arrangement for detecting the proportion of digested grains in a stream of chopped material processed by a grain processor and a forage harvester equipped therewith, which do not have the disadvantages mentioned or have them to a reduced extent.
    Solution According to the invention, this object is achieved by the teaching of claims 1 and 7, features being listed in the further claims, which further develop the solution in an advantageous manner.
    A sensor arrangement for detecting the proportion of disrupted grains in a shredded material flow processed by a grain processor of a forage harvester comprises a spectrometer arrangement which interacts with the shredded material flow and is set up to apply light to the shredded material flow and to analyze wavelength-resolved and / or transmitted light from the shredded material flow in order to analyze it to provide electronic signals with respect to recorded spectra of the chopped material flow, an evaluation device which can be operated to determine, based on the signals of the spectrometer arrangement, the content of a predetermined ingredient in the chopped material depending on the amount of broken down grains in the chopped material flow; and a control device which can be operated to command an actuator to adjust the degree of processing of the grain processor and to evaluate the proportion of broken grains in the flow of chopped material on the basis of the contents of the chopped material of the predetermined ingredient measured by the evaluation device at different degrees of processing.
    In other words, the sensor device is able to evaluate the relative proportion of digested grains compared to non-digested grains in a chopped material flow processed by a grain processor of a forage harvester. For this purpose, a (near infrared) spectrometer arrangement known per se is used, which acts on the chopped material flow during operation with broadband light or with discrete wavelengths and analyzes light reflected and / or transmitted by the chopped material flow as a function of the wavelength and provides electronic signals with respect to recorded spectra of the chopped material flow . Such spectrometer arrangements are sufficiently described in the prior art (e.g. DE 10 2004 048 103 A1 and DE 10 2007 007 040 A1). The signals of the spectrometer arrangement are evaluated by an evaluation device using suitable calibration curves in order to determine the content of a predetermined ingredient in the chopped material. The ingredient is selected so that the measured content depends on how many digested grains are contained in the stream of chopped material.
    A control device initiates an actuator, successively a number of different degrees of processing of the grain processor
    5 set.
    The control device uses the contents of the ingredient determined at the different degrees of processing to determine the proportion of digested grains.
    For this purpose, one can make use of the fact, for example, that from a certain degree of processing, in which all the grains are open, a further increase in the degree of processing will no longer have any measurable or significant influence on the measured content of ingredients.
    In this way, a relatively precise determination of the proportion of broken grains in the stream of chopped material can be achieved with relatively simple means.
    The control device can be operable to vary the degree of processing of the grain processor in those areas of a field which evaluate approximately homogeneous crop stocks with respect to the predetermined ingredient and / or crop throughput and / or the crop moisture, in order to evaluate the proportion of broken grains in the chopped crop, the one in a previous one Harvesting process, the sensor-determined position of the homogeneous areas of the field is entered in a map, which can be called up georeferenced by the control device.
    The control device can be operable to control at least one other processing parameter of the forage harvester, such as the cutting length, and to leave the other processing parameter constant during the variation of the processing degree of the grain processor in order to evaluate the proportion of digested grains in the chopped material.
    The control device can be operable to determine the degree of processing which is increased when the
    Degree of processing no longer causes any significant change (increase) in the content of the chopped material in the predetermined ingredient and to output the associated content of ingredients as a proportion of 100% digested grains. As an alternative or in addition, one could also specify 0% digested grains as an additional reference measuring point by opening the grain processor completely or at least until there is no further reduction in the content of the chopped material in the predetermined ingredient and no more grains are split, so that only the ( low) residual strength in the plant. The control device can also follow the variation in the degree of processing of the grain processor for evaluating the proportion of broken grains in the chopped material, based on the content of the chopped material that is sensed as the degree of processing of 0% and / or 100% and a content that is currently sensed generate and output a signal value of the chopped ingredient in terms of the current proportion of broken grains.
    The ingredient determined by the evaluation device can be the starch content of the chopped material. The actuator can be set up to vary the degree of processing of the grain processor by changing the pressure with which two rollers of the grain processor are biased against one another and / or the distance between the rollers and / or their speed difference and / or their absolute speed (ie the speed of both rollers) .
    An operator interface can be provided, by means of which the proportion of digested grains determined by the control device and / or the throughput and / or the power of the power output by a drive motor of the forage harvester can be displayed and / or by means of which a degree of processing of the grain processor can be entered.
    Finally, the control device can be operable to automatically control the degree of processing of the grain processor and / or the forward speed of the forage harvester and / or the height of a header above the ground, based on the sensed proportion of broken grains and / or a specification of a desired proportion of broken grains and / or a desired engine power and / or a desired throughput.
    Exemplary embodiment In the drawings, an exemplary embodiment of the invention described in more detail below is shown. 1 shows a forage harvester with a sensor arrangement for detecting the proportion of broken grains in a stream of chopped material processed by a grain processor of the forage harvester, FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram according to which the sensor arrangement of FIG. 1 operates, and FIG. 3 shows a diagram in which a typical course of the sensed content I of an ingredient is shown depending on the degree of processing B of the grain processor.
    1 shows a self-propelled forage harvester 10 in a schematic side view. The forage harvester 10 is built on a supporting chassis 12, which is supported by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The forage harvester 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18, from which a harvesting attachment 20 in the form of a mowing attachment for the maize harvest, which is detachably attached to a fin train housing 36, can be seen. By means of the header 20 cut crop, z. B. corn or the like, is arranged on the front of the forage harvester 10 via a in the feeder housing 36
    Feed conveyor with pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 fed to a chopper drum 22 which, in cooperation with a shear bar 46, chops it into small pieces and forwards it to a grain processor 28 with interacting rollers, from which it reaches a post-accelerator 24. The rollers can be produced as cylindrical, toothed rollers in the circumferential direction, or they can be designed to be wave-shaped in the axial direction, or they can be shaped in any other way. The material leaves the forage harvester 10 in harvesting operation to a transport vehicle traveling alongside via an ejection elbow 26 which can be rotated about an approximately vertical axis and adjustable in inclination. The knives of the chopper drum 22 can be ground by a grinding device 42 if required. In the following, directions, such as laterally, below and above, relate to the forward movement direction V of the forage harvester 10, which runs to the left in FIG. 1.
    A control device 34 is connected to a switch or valve device 38, which in turn is connected to an electrical or hydraulic actuator 50 for adjusting the degree of processing of the grain processor 28. The actuator can adjust the gap between the rollers and / or their pressing force and / or a speed difference between the rollers and / or the absolute speed of the rollers of the grain processor.
    The control device 34 is also provided with an operator interface 52 with a display and an input device, and with a spectrometer arrangement 40, which is attached to the top of the discharge chute 26 and interacts through a window with the chopped material flowing in the discharge chute after it has been processed by the grain processor 28 . The spectrometer arrangement 40 comprises a housing 64 in which a light source 54 is arranged. The light source can be designed as a halogen lamp and generate broadband light, or it is e.g. designed as an LED array and generates only a few discrete wavelengths. The light generated by the light source 54, after being reflected by the chopped material, enters the
    Interior 56 of the housing 64 and is deflected there by a dispersive element 58 depending on the wavelength in different directions and reaches a light-sensitive detector array 60 which is electrically connected to an evaluation device 62. The spectrometer arrangement 40 is, after all, a known in the art and e.g. Near infrared spectrometer commercially available from the applicant for determining the ingredients in the chopped material. In another possible embodiment of a spectrometer based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), the light is not deflected in different directions depending on the wavelength and measured with a diode array, but, depending on the version, e.g. Different wavelengths successively measured by variable filters or a spectrum is determined by an FFT from an interferogram. The sensor arrangement of WO 00/00818 A1 could also be used to detect the starch content of the chopped material.
    The evaluation device 62 evaluates the signals of the detector array 60, which represent wavelength-dependent spectra of the light reflected by the chopped material, in order to determine the content of a predetermined ingredient in the chopped material on the basis of stored calibration data. This predetermined ingredient is selected such that the content depends on the proportion of broken grains in the chopped material. Starch is particularly suitable as an ingredient because, in the case of closed (maize) kernels, the surface-sensitive spectrometer arrangement 40 will essentially detect the yellow or orange skin of the kernel, which contains hardly any starch, but not the interior of the kernels. The latter is starchy and is only detected by the (surface-sensitive) spectrometer arrangement 40 when the grains are actually broken down.
    The control device 34 accordingly receives signals from the evaluation device 62 of the spectrometer arrangement 40 at regular time intervals with regard to the strength of the chopped material.
    However, since one would like to know how large the share of the digested grains is in all the grains contained in the chopped material, the amount of the latter (as well as that of the non-digested grains) with the spectrometer arrangement
    40 cannot be measured, the procedure according to FIG. 2 is chosen here in order to avoid this disadvantage.
    FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram according to which the sensor arrangement shown in FIG. 1, comprising the spectrometer arrangement 40, the control device 34 and the actuator 50, operates.
    After the start in step 100, a query is made in step 102 as to whether the external harvesting conditions are likely to be constant for a sufficient time.
    For this purpose, operator input can simply be queried by the operator interface 52, for example by displaying a text such as “are the harvesting conditions (throughput, moisture, grain content) constant over the next 60 s ” And the operator can answer yes or no.
    Another possibility is to call up, in a map stored in the control device 34 and the position recorded by means of a position determination system 66 and a route plan stored in the control device or the route to be foreseen based on the current position and direction, which conditions for throughput, moisture content and grain content the path to be covered in the immediate future.
    In this regard, reference is made to the disclosure of DE 10 2013 201 996 A1, which is incorporated into the present documents by reference.
    If it is determined in step 102 that the conditions are not constant, step 102 follows again, otherwise step 104. If step 104 is not possible for the foreseeable future, the control device 34 can now resort to older calibrations and the step explained below Perform 108 with these.
    In step 104, the control device 34, via the switch or valve device 38, causes the actuator 50 to successively set different degrees of processing of the grain processor 28, while the control device 34 receives the signals (representing the measured content I of the chopped material in strength) from the evaluation device 62 of the spectrometer arrangement 40, which could also be integrated in the control device 34, receives and records. This will result in an image, as shown in FIG. 3: with increasing degree of processing B, the content I of starch initially increases approximately linearly until it remains at least approximately constant from a certain point P. This fact can be explained by the fact that from point P at least approximately all the grains in the chopped material are digested and are detected, while increasing the degree of processing does not improve the digest. In this step 104, the degree of processing B could also be reduced before or after until there is no further reduction in the ingredient signal I, i.e. in the diagram of FIG. 3, the origin is approached in order to carry out a calibration of the ingredient signal I with almost no existing strength (degree of processing B = approx. zero).
    In the following step 106, point P is evaluated from the measured data, i.e. the degree of processing B and the ingredient signal I are selected for the strength, from which an increase in the degree of processing B no longer leads to an increase in the ingredient signal I. In step 106 it is thus found out which degree of processing B leads to 100% digestion of the grains and which signal I is present for the content of ingredients at this degree of processing. Accordingly, a calibration value or curve is determined for the relationship between ingredient signal I and degree of processing B. The calibration value or curve calculated here for the relationship between ingredient I and degree of processing B can also include the aforementioned determination of the ingredient signal I at degree of processing 0.
    In the following step 108, after a desired degree of processing by operator input via the
    Operator interface 52 has been predetermined or set automatically (cf. the explanations below) by the control device 34, successively received further signals from the evaluation device 62 and converted into current values with regard to the proportion of broken grains in the chopped material flow on the basis of the calibration value obtained in step 106. If, for example, a signal I is detected for the starch content of the chopped material, which is reduced to 75% compared to point P of FIG. 3 determined in step 106, this indicates that only 3/4 of the grains are broken down. The result of step 108 can be displayed on the operator interface 52. By entering the desired degree of machining, which does not always have to be 100%, any point on the curve of FIG. 3 can be selected with a degree of machining between 0 and 100%, i.e. you don't necessarily have to work at point P. In step 106, a quasi-scale from 0% to 100% broken grains was recorded and can then be weighed, e.g. determine the desired working point of the energy consumption. This would be particularly interesting if the increase e.g. of energy consumption would not be linear with the gap width, because then an optimal point could be e.g. Control with maximum ratio of grain digestion per kWh of drive energy for the grain processor 28.
    Finally, in step 110, a query is made as to whether the last step 106 was longer than a predetermined time or whether other crop conditions exist, e.g. a new field is to be harvested. If this is not the case, step 108 follows again and step 102 otherwise. In step 110, an operator query could also take place as to whether the crop conditions (in particular the proportion of grains in the total crop) have changed and step 102 may be carried out . It would also be conceivable to detect the grain fraction by means of a further sensor (e.g. camera with image processing) and to carry out step 102 again automatically in the event of a change. Step 102 can also be carried out if there is a significant change in the cutting height.
    After all, the described procedure makes it possible to calibrate the signals from the evaluation device 62 with regard to the detected content of an ingredient (here: starch) in the chopped material in such a way that an output of the relative proportion of the digested grains in the chopped material in relation to the total number of grains contained therein is possible. The determined values can be displayed on the operator interface 52 and used by the operator to set the degree of processing of the grain processor 28. Should the throughput or another parameter of the crop change during the successive executions of step 108, this is of no concern as long as the degree of filling of the discharge chute, which cooperates with the spectrometer arrangement 40, does not drop below a certain level at which the crop throughput is so small that the spectrometer arrangement 40 also sees empty spaces in the chopped material, because above this dimension the signal of the spectrometer arrangement 40 remains at least approximately independent of the throughput. However, if the proportion of grains in the crop drops, e.g.
    due to missing or smaller corn cobs, a recalibration according to step 106 makes sense (see step 110 with the description in the previous paragraph).
    As mentioned, the proportion of struck grains determined in step 108 can be displayed on the operator interface 52. In addition, a throughput display and a display of the motor utilization of the drive motor of the forage harvester 10 can be shown there. The operator of the forage harvester 10 thus has the throughput, the machine load and the grain breakdown in view at the same time and is given a decision-making aid for optimizing the setting of the forage harvester 10. The latter can therefore be used preferably to high throughput or to a high starch value or grain breakdown . The machine operator can decide whether and in what way the processing parameter of the grain processor 28 is changed.
    The engine load can be displayed in relative (percent) or absolute (kW or PS) values, which are the throughput in tons per hour (t / h) or tons per hectare (t / ha) and that of the starch share or Grain digestion from low to high or in steps of green / yellow / red or also in percent. The representation takes place on a display of the operator interface 52, for example in bar or pointer diagrams. In addition, a control circuit can also be set up, with parameters that can be entered for the throughput and / or the engine utilization to be achieved and the degree of grain disintegration to be achieved, wherein the degree of processing of the grain processor 28 and the forward speed of the forage harvester 10 can be provided as control variables. Accordingly, the forward speed of the forage harvester 10 and the degree of processing of the grain processor 28 are set by the control device 34 in such a way that the desired proportion of the digested grains and the desired engine output or throughput correspond to the actual values.
    In addition to the degree of processing of the grain processor 28, a further control variable can also be the height of the header 20, which can be adjusted with an actuator 68 commanded by the control device 34. If the header 20 is set higher and the stubble height is higher, the proportion of maize kernel per unit of the chopped amount of feed is greater than with a short stubble height. For this purpose, there is the possibility of specifying a desired proportion of starch in the chopped material and adjusting the height of the header 20 in the sense of reaching the desired proportion of starch in the chopped material, as is known per se from DE 10 2004 038 404 A1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. forage harvester (10) with a chopping device (22), a grain processor (28) and a sensor arrangement for detecting the proportion of broken grains in a chopped material flow processed by the grain processor (28) of the forage harvester (10), the sensor arrangement comprising: one with the chopper stream interacting spectrometer arrangement (40), which is configured to apply light to the chopper stream and to analyze wavelengths of light reflected and / or transmitted by the chopped stream in order to provide electronic signals with respect to recorded spectra of the chopped stream, and an evaluation device (62) that configures is to use the signals of the spectrometer arrangement (40) to determine the content of a predetermined ingredient in the chopped material depending on the quantity of broken down grains in the chopped material flow; a controller (34) configured to command an actuator (50) to adjust the degree of processing of the grain processor (28); characterized in that the control device (34) is configured to cause the actuator (50) to successively set a number of different degrees of processing of the grain processor (28) and to determine the proportion of digested grains on the basis of the contents of the ingredient determined at the different degrees of processing.
    [2]
    2. forage harvester (10) according to claim 1, wherein the control device (34) is configured to evaluate the proportion of broken grains in the chopped material, the degree of processing of the grain processor (28) with respect to the predetermined ingredient and / or crop throughput and / or the crop moisture approximately homogeneous Vary areas of a field, the position of the homogeneous areas of the field determined by sensors in a previous harvesting process being entered in a map which can be called up georeferenced by the control device (34).
    [3]
    3. Forage harvester (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the control device (34) is configured to control at least one processing parameter of the forage harvester (10) other than the processing degree of the grain processor (28), such as the cutting length, and the other To leave processing parameters constant during the variation of the processing degree of the grain processor (28) in order to evaluate the proportion of broken grains in the chopped material.
    [4]
    4. forage harvester (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control device (34) is configured to determine the degree of processing that causes no significant change in the content of the chopped material at the predetermined ingredient and the associated content of the To output chopped material on the predetermined ingredient as a share of 100% broken grains, and / or to determine the degree of processing which, when the degree of processing is reduced, does not cause any significant change in the content of the chopped material in the predetermined ingredient and the associated content of the chopped material in the predetermined ingredient as Share of 0% digested grains.
    [5]
    5. Forage harvester (10) according to claim 4, wherein the control device (34) is configured to follow the variation in the degree of processing of the grain processor (28) for evaluating the proportion of broken grains in the chopped material, based on the at which as a processing degree of 100% generate and output a sensed content of the chopped ingredient and a currently sensed content of the chopped ingredient in a signal value with regard to the current proportion of broken grains.
    [6]
    6. forage harvester (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ingredient determined by the evaluation device (62) is the strength of the chopped material.
    [7]
    7. forage harvester (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator (50) is set up, the degree of processing of the grain processor (28) by changing the pressure with which two rollers of the grain processor (28) are biased against each other and / or the distance to vary the rollers and / or their speed difference and / or their absolute speed.
    [8]
    8. forage harvester (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, with an operator interface (52) which is configured, the proportion of broken grains determined by the control device (34) and / or the throughput and / or the power of a drive motor of the forage harvester (10) output is to be displayed and / or configured to specify a degree of processing of the grain processor (28).
    [9]
    9. forage harvester (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (34) is configured, the degree of processing of the grain processor (28) and / or the forward speed of the forage harvester (10) and / or the height of a header (20) above the Automatically control the soil based on the sensed proportion of broken grains and / or a specification of a desired proportion of broken grains and / or a desired engine power and / or a desired throughput.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    法律状态:
    2020-08-26| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200714 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018213215.1A|DE102018213215A1|2018-08-07|2018-08-07|Sensor arrangement for detecting the proportion of broken grains in a stream of chopped material processed by a grain processor and field chopper equipped with it|
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